Septal Defects

A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is an opening of the ventricular septum causing communication between the two ventricles. It is the most common cardiac malformation, and represents about one third of all cases of structural congenital heart disease. VSDs are classified according to their position.

Atrioventricular septal defects are congenital heart diseases characterised by varying degrees of a defect in the interatrial septum and interventricular septum with a common or partially separated atrioventricular valve.

An atrial septal defect (ASD) is an opening of the atrial septum, resulting in a communication between the right and left atria.